Background: Healthcare-associated infections are one of the most serious Public Health concern, as they prolong the length of hospitalization, reduce the quality of life, and increase morbidity and mortality. Despite they are not completely avoidable, the number of healthcare-associated infections related to negligence claims has risen over the last years, contributing to remarkable economic and reputation losses of Healthcare System. Methods: In this regard, several studies suggested a key role of medical records quality in determining medical care process, risk management and preventing liability. Clinical documentation should be able to demonstrate that clinicians met their duty of care and did not compromise patient’s safety. Results: Therefore, it has a key role in assessing healthcare workers’ liability in malpractice litigation. Our risk management experience has confirmed the role of medical records accuracy in preventing hospital liability and improving the quality of medical care. Conclusion: In the presented healthcare-associated infections cases, evidence-based and guidelinesbased practice, as well as a complete/incomplete medical record, have shown to significantly affect the verdict of the judicial court and inclusion/exclusion of hospital liability in healthcare-associated infections related claims.