Household living arrangements play a crucial role in survival efforts throughout sub-Saharan Africa. Household living arrangements foster the development of informal insurance that can mitigate economic or filial shocks, and potentially improve the overall well-being of kin. However, scholarship in sub-Saharan African settings has not been able to, or has not attempted, to track how households have changed and the coinciding changes in livelihood outcomes. We ask whether changes in overall household size and the addition of dependents and working-age individuals are associated with changes in household wealth, a signal of well-being. We use the Malawi Longitudinal Study of Families and Health (MLSFH) to exploit detailed data on changing Malawian household composition via a household roster matching technique and fixed effects regressions. The addition of members to a household and the presence of more boys and working-age men—to a certain point—are associated with having more durable goods and greater chances of acquiring a metal roof—key indicators of wealth in rural Malawi. The addition of girls and women of any age are seemingly not linked to changes in household wealth.