Oxford University Press, Brain, 11(142), p. 3411-3427, 2019
DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz301
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Specific immune-cell populations patrol the CNS in search of pathogens and tumours. Herich et al. identify CD4+ CCR5high GzmK+ effector-memory cells as a brain-surveilling subpopulation capable of crossing the uninflamed blood-brain barrier, and reveal alterations in this population in HIV+ patients with neurological symptoms and in patients with multiple sclerosis.