Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) and its receptor are abundantly expressed throughout the renal parenchyma, where PTHrP exerts a modulatory action on renal function. PTHrP upregulation is a common event associated with the mechanism of renal injury and repair. However, no study has yet explored the putative excretion of PTHrP in urine, including its potential relationship with renal function. In the present study, we tested this hypothesis by studying the well-known rat model of acute renal injury induced by the chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin. Using Western blot analysis, we could detect a single protein band, corresponding to intact PTHrP, in the urine of both control and cisplatin-injected rats, whose levels were significantly higher in the latter group. PTHrP was detected in rat urine by dot blot, and its quantification with two specific ELISA kits showed that, compared with control rats, those treated with cisplatin displayed a significant increase in urinary PTHrP (expressed as the PTHrP-to-creatinine ratio or 24-h excretion). In addition, a positive correlation between urinary PTHrP excretion and serum creatinine was found in these animals. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that PTHrP is excreted in rat urine and that this excretion is higher with the decrease of renal function. This suggests that urinary PTHrP levels might be a renal function marker.