Abstract The paper reports on the first record of the Asian aquatic oligochaete species Monopylephorus limosus (Hatai, 1898) in Central Europe. The species was found in the lower course of the Bolina River (S Poland), which is contaminated with saline mine waters. One immature individual was collected in the late summer of 2017. M. limosus co-occurred with Paranais litoralis, Nais elinguis and juvenile Enchytraeidae. To date, M. limosus is one of the 29 non-native annelids that are known to occur in Poland.