The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) represents a biomechanically and morphologically complex structure, tightly connected with the development and growth of mandible and craniofacial complex. The aim of this article is to comprehensively present contemporary diagnostic modalities and clinical implications for imaging of the TMJ. Contemporary imaging modalities, if used properly and according to adequate clinical implications and criteria, are able to depict different pathological processes and play a crucial role in establishing the right diagnosis and monitoring therapeutic effect. The key to right diagnosis, however, still lies in good knowledge of the TMJ developmental and functional anatomy, as well as the TMJ dysfunction related to the jaws, surrounding muscles, teeth, and cranial base.