Significance Complex nematic fluids have the remarkable capability to organize microparticles and nanoparticles into regular structures of various symmetries and dimensionality, according to their micromolecular orientational order. Structures of particles such as chains, clusters, and crystals are found, but no quasicrystals. In this paper, we demonstrate that quasicrystalline structures can be achieved in the form of Penrose tiling by assembling microplatelets in the shape of pentagons within a thin layer of nematic fluid. The tiling is energetically stabilized with binding energies of typically several orders of magnitude higher than thermal energy and further allows for hierarchical substitution of individual pentagonal tiles with smaller tiles, which is interesting for the design of photonics at multiple frequency ranges.