Dissemin is shutting down on January 1st, 2025

Published in

MDPI, Symmetry, 2(11), p. 246, 2019

DOI: 10.3390/sym11020246

Links

Tools

Export citation

Search in Google Scholar

Explicit Integrator of Runge-Kutta Type for Direct Solution of u(4)=f(x,u,u′,u′′)

Journal article published in 2019 by Nizam Ghawadri, Norazak Senu ORCID, Firas Fawzi, Fudziah Ismail, Zarina Ibrahim
This paper is made freely available by the publisher.
This paper is made freely available by the publisher.

Full text: Download

Green circle
Preprint: archiving allowed
Green circle
Postprint: archiving allowed
Green circle
Published version: archiving allowed
Data provided by SHERPA/RoMEO

Abstract

The primary contribution of this work is to develop direct processes of explicit Runge-Kutta type (RKT) as solutions for any fourth-order ordinary differential equation (ODEs) of the structure u ( 4 ) = f ( x , u , u ′ , u ′ ′ ) and denoted as RKTF method. We presented the associated B-series and quad-colored tree theory with the aim of deriving the prerequisites of the said order. Depending on the order conditions, the method with algebraic order four with a three-stage and order five with a four-stage denoted as RKTF4 and RKTF5 are discussed, respectively. Numerical outcomes are offered to interpret the accuracy and efficacy of the new techniques via comparisons with various currently available RK techniques after converting the problems into a system of first-order ODE systems. Application of the new methods in real-life problems in ship dynamics is discussed.