There are many reports describing chromosome structure, organization and evolution within goatgrasses (Aegilopsspp.). Chromosome banding and fluorescencein situhybridization techniques are main methods used to identifyAegilopsLinnaeus, 1753 chromosomes. These data have essential value considering the close genetic and genomic relationship of goatgrasses with wheat (TriticumaestivumLinnaeus, 1753) and triticale (×TriticosecaleWittmack, 1899). A key question is whether those protocols are useful and effective for trackingAegilopschromosomes or chromosome segments in genetic background of cultivated cereals. This article is a review of scientific reports describing chromosome identification methods, which were applied for development of prebreeding plant material and for transfer of desirable traits intoTriticumLinnaeus, 1753 cultivated species. Moreover, this paper is a resume of the most efficient cytomolecular markers, which can be used to follow the introgression ofAegilopschromatin during the breeding process.