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BMJ Publishing Group, BMJ Case Reports, 1(12), p. bcr-2018-225495, 2019

DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2018-225495

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Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome causing ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries

Journal article published in 2019 by James Cranley ORCID, Unni Krishnan, Katharine Tweed, Rudolf Martin Duehmke
This paper was not found in any repository, but could be made available legally by the author.
This paper was not found in any repository, but could be made available legally by the author.

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Abstract

A 51-year-old woman with known primary antiphospholipid syndrome presented with a 4-day history of chest and abdominal pain, inferior ST-segment elevation on a 12-lead ECG and a subtherapeutic international normalised ratio. In view of a significantly raised high-sensitivity troponin I assay, inferior wall hypokinesis on transthoracic echocardiography and despite unobstructed epicardial vessels on emergency coronary angiography, a diagnosis of myocardial infarction was made. Furthermore, the patient also developed both bilateral adrenal haemorrhages leading to acute adrenal insufficiency and microvascular thrombotic renal disease concurrently. The patient therefore fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome presenting with cardiac, endocrine and renal involvement. Early diagnosis permitted appropriate treatment with anticoagulation, dual antiplatelet therapy, secondary prevention and corticosteroid replacement therapy and led to a full recovery. This case highlights first the importance of adequate anticoagulation in antiphospholipid syndrome and, second, the potentially fatal, multiorgan complication of failure to do so.