Significance While it has long been known that vertebrates rely on compensatory responses to gravity with changing body orientation, this topic has not been previously studied in invertebrates. Here, we use synchrotron X-ray imaging and radio-tracing to demonstrate that body orientation has dramatic effects on hemolymph and air distribution in grasshoppers, and that grasshoppers exhibit similar physiological responses to gravity as vertebrates. Our findings suggest that gravity-driven cardiovascular responses may be ancient and widely shared among animals, opening the door for invertebrates as model systems for investigation of cellular and systemic mechanisms of gravity responses. Furthermore, future physiological studies of arthropods should control for body position.