SummaryAim: According to German guidelines, I-123-MIBG scintigraphy in neuroblastoma (NB) is preferably performed as early (about 4 h p.i.) and late (24 h p.i.) planar imaging and single- photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) or SPECT/CT 24 h p.i. This study evaluated if the work-up could be reduced to a single timepoint.Methods: Retrospective analysis of 37 examinations in 26 patients (f:8; m:18; age, 0.5–23.5a) with NB (initial, 15; restaging, 22). All 74 (early + late) pairs of ventral/dorsal planar whole-body images were reviewed by 3 independent readers in random order blinded to clinical data (1, certainly physiological; 2, likely physiological; 3, likely malignant; 4, certainly malignant). CT/MRI or SPECT served as standard of reference if planar images were equivocal.Results: Two-hundred malignant lesions were rated (1–23 lesions per examination). The lesions’ mean score was higher at late vs. early imaging for all readers (3.6 vs. 3.4, 3.7 vs. 3.2, 3.5 vs. 3.2; each p < 0.01). Fifty-one lesions (25.5 %) were considerably underrated at early vs. late imaging (score difference ≥2) by any reader (29/153 skeletal lesions, 12/28 primary tumors [PT], 10/18 abdominal lymph nodes [LN]). Early image did not detect any lesion in 6 patients with PT only. In contrast, 9 lesions (4.5 %) were underrated by late vs. early imaging: 5 skeletal lesions (pelvis, 2; femoral shaft, 3), 1 PT, 3 LN, and 0/1 liver lesions. Tumor spread was underestimated thereby at late vs. early imaging in 1 patient (LN) but SPECT was correct.Conclusion: The early planar image provided no relevant information over the late image in any patient and may only be performed after weighting of risks (stress) and benefits – especially if SPECT or SPECT/CT is routinely performed. Vice versa, early planar image alone does not suffice.