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American Heart Association, Circulation: Genomic and Precision Medicine, 10(11), 2018

DOI: 10.1161/circgen.117.001797

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Effect of Ascertainment Bias on Estimates of Patient Mortality in Inherited Cardiac Diseases

This paper was not found in any repository, but could be made available legally by the author.
This paper was not found in any repository, but could be made available legally by the author.

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Abstract

Background: Accurate estimates of survival are indispensable for cardiologists, clinical geneticists, and genetic counselors dealing with families with an inherited cardiac disease. However, a bias towards a more severe disease with a worse outcome in the first publications may not accurately represent the actual survival forecast. We, therefore, evaluated the effect of ascertainment bias on survival in 3 different inherited cardiac diseases (idiopathic ventricular fibrillation, SCN5A overlap syndrome, and arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy) caused by a founder mutation. Methods: We collected mortality data from mutation-positive subjects with either DPP6 -associated idiopathic ventricular fibrillation, SCN5A overlap syndrome, and PLN -R14del-mediated arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy >2 to 10 years of ongoing clinical/cascade genetic screening. Results: The median age of survival in DPP6 mutation-positive subjects increased from 44.6 years in the original cohort from 2008 (n=60; 95% CI, 36.8–52.4 years) to 68.2 years in the extended cohort from 2012 (n=235; 95% CI, 64.6–71.7 years; P <0.001). In the SCN5A overlap syndrome, survival increased from 56.1 years in 1999 (n=86; 95% CI, 48.0–64.2 years) to 69.7 years in 2009 (n=197; 95% CI, 61.3–78.2 years; P =0.049). In PLN -R14del positive patients, the median age of survival increased from 63.5 years in 2010 (n=89; 95% CI, 59.1–68.0 years) to 65.2 years in 2012 (n=370; 95% CI, 62.0–68.3 years; P =0.046). Conclusions: The median age of survival in 3 different inherited cardiac diseases with an established pathogenic substrate significantly increased once genetic testing and cascade screening extended, after the first publication that elucidated the discovery of the disease-susceptibility gene/mutation. This underscores the direct and negative influence of ascertainment bias on survival forecasts and the importance of ongoing clinical/genetic follow-up to establish the most accurate disease prognosis for genetically mediated heart diseases.