<b><i>Background:</i></b> Beliefs of dementia experts about the pathogenic role of amyloid in Alzheimer's disease (AD) may affect the use of amyloid positron emission tomography (PET). <b><i>Objective:</i></b> To assess the role attributed to amyloid in AD pathogenesis by Italian dementia experts, and whether this modulates the impact of amyloid PET results in their diagnostic workup. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> 22 dementia experts rated their beliefs about the pathogenic role of amyloid. Then, we asked them to rate the probability of change in diagnosis based on the result of amyloid PET for 7 case vignettes, depicting patients who initially received a diagnosis based on a comprehensive workup and later received amyloid PET results consistent or inconsistent with the clinical picture. <b><i>Results:</i></b> 55% of the experts assigned a dominant role to amyloid, and 32% attributed a similar role to amyloid and tau in AD pathogenesis. The probability of change in diagnosis ranged from 17% (SD = 21.6) for cases with consistent to 51% (SD = 34) for cases with inconsistent PET versus clinical data. Diagnostic change was not biased by the clinicians' beliefs about AD pathogenesis. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> This work supports an unbiased interpretation of amyloid PET across different beliefs about the pathogenic role of amyloid, and a belief-independent reluctance to change diagnosis in cases where change is expected and recommended.