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American Society for Microbiology, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 22(84), 2018

DOI: 10.1128/aem.01809-18

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Transfer of enteric viruses (adenovirus and coxsackievirus) and bacteriophage (MS2) from liquid to human skin

This paper is made freely available by the publisher.
This paper is made freely available by the publisher.

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Abstract

Enteric viruses (viruses that infect the gastrointestinal tract) are responsible for most water-transmitted diseases. They are shed in high concentrations in the feces of infected individuals, persist for an extended period of time in water, and are highly infective. Exposure to contaminated water directly (through ingestion) or indirectly (for example, through hand-water contacts followed by hand-to-mouth contacts) increases the risk of virus transmission. The work described herein provides a quantitative model for estimating human-pathogenic virus retention on skin following contact with contaminated water. The work will be important in refining the contribution of indirect transmission of virus to risks associated with water-related activities.