MicroRNAs are an important class of non-coding RNA which function as post-transcriptional regulators of protein levels within cells. Emerging work has revealed that status epilepticus produces select changes to microRNA levels within the brain which may impact levels of proteins involved in neuronal structure and excitability, gliosis, inflammation and apoptosis. Animal studies show that targeting microRNAs using locked nucleic acid-modified oligonucleotides (“antagomirs”) can have potent effects on status epilepticus, seizure-induced neuronal death and the later emergence of recurrent spontaneous seizures. Accordingly, microRNA-based therapeutics may have potential as a future treatment of status epilepticus.