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National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Environmental Health Perspectives, 6(123), p. 525-533, 2015

DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1408095

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Natural-Cause Mortality and Long-Term Exposure to Particle Components: An Analysis of 19 European Cohorts within the Multi-Center ESCAPE Project

Journal article published in 2015 by Rob Beelen, Claes-Göran Östenson, Gerard Hoek, Ole Raaschou-Nielsen, Massimo Stafoggia ORCID, Zorana Jovanovic Andersen ORCID, Gudrun Weinmayr, Barbara Hoffmann, Kathrin Wolf, Evangelia Samoli, Paul H. Fischer, Mark J. Nieuwenhuijsen, Wei W. Xun, Klea Katsouyanni, Konstantina Dimakopoulou and other authors.
This paper is made freely available by the publisher.
This paper is made freely available by the publisher.

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Abstract

Background: Studies have shown associations between mortality and long-term exposure to particulate matter air pollution. Few cohort studies have estimated the effects of the elemental composition of particulate matter on mortality. Objectives: Our aim was to study the association between natural-cause mortality and long-term exposure to elemental components of particulate matter. Methods: Mortality and confounder data from 19 European cohort studies were used. Residential exposure to eight a priori-selected components of particulate matter ( PM) was characterized following a strictly standardized protocol. Annual average concentrations of copper, iron, potassium, nickel, sulfur, silicon, vanadium, and zinc within PM size fractions