Structural plumage colour is one of the most enigmatic sexually selected traits. The information content of structural colour variation is debated and the heterogeneity of the findings is hard to explain because the proximate background of within-species colour differences is very scarcely studied. We combined measurements of feather macrostructure and nanostructure to explain within-population variability in blue tit crown reflectance. We found that sexual dichromatism in aspects of crown reflectance was explained only by feather macrostructure, while nanostructural predictors accounted for some of the age-related differences of reflectance. Moreover, we found that both mean reflectance and spectral shape traits reflected a combination of quantity and regularity aspects in macro- and nanostructure. This rich proximate background provides ample scope for reflectance to convey various types of information on individual quality.