A new species of Miconia from Brazilian Cerrado vegetation is described and illustrated. Miconia astrocalyx belongs to the “Miconia albicans clade”, which is part of Miconia section Miconia subsection Seriatiflorae. This species can be distinguished from the species in this subsection by the stellate yellowish indumentum on the branches and abaxial leaf surface, the large calyx lobes persistent in fruit, petal margins with glandular-stipitate trichomes, and connective appendages ventrally slightly bilobed with a very small dorsal inconspicuous tooth. Additionally, we provide comments about its distribution, habitat, phenology and taxonomic affinities.