Anticoagulation remains the cornerstone of treatment in patients with deep vein thrombosis (DVT). While parenteral anticoagulants and oral vitamin K antagonists (e.g. warfarin) have been used for many decades, the recent development of novel oral anticoagulants have provided clinicians with an expanding set of therapeutic options for DVT. This review summarizes the pharmacology and clinical trial results of these new oral anticoagulants. Several practical considerations to the use of these oral anticoagulants including issues related to adherence, monitoring, and reversal are also discussed.