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Rockefeller University Press, Journal of Experimental Medicine, 12(214), p. 3597-3610, 2017

DOI: 10.1084/jem.20170856

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The methyltransferase NSD3 promotes antiviral innate immunity via direct lysine methylation of IRF3

Journal article published in 2017 by Chunmei Wang, Qinlan Wang, Xiaoqing Xu, Bin Xie, Yong Zhao, Nan Li ORCID, Xuetao Cao ORCID
This paper is made freely available by the publisher.
This paper is made freely available by the publisher.

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Abstract

Lysine methylation is an important posttranslational modification, implicated in various biological pathological conditions. The transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) is essential for antiviral innate immunity, yet the mechanism for methylation control of IRF3 activation remains unclear. In this paper, we discovered monomethylation of IRF3 at K366 is critical for IRF3 transcription activity in antiviral innate immunity. By mass spectrometry analysis of IRF3-associated proteins, we identified nuclear receptor–binding SET domain 3 (NSD3) as the lysine methyltransferase that directly binds to the IRF3 C-terminal region through its PWWP1 domain and methylates IRF3 at K366 via its SET domain. Deficiency of NSD3 impairs the antiviral innate immune response in vivo. Mechanistically, NSD3 enhances the transcription activity of IRF3 dependent on K366 monomethylation, which maintains IRF3 phosphorylation by promoting IRF3 dissociation of protein phosphatase PP1cc and consequently promotes type I interferon production. Our study reveals a critical role of NSD3-mediated IRF3 methylation in enhancing antiviral innate immunity.