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This article reviews food security measurement and its connection to policy responses in developed countries. It focuses on survey-based methods, sometimes called “third generation” measures of food security. This article discusses examples drawn from across a range of developed countries whenever possible. It presents the relationship between food insecurity and hunger definitions. It then moves on to a discussion of advantage and disadvantage of the multiple-question approach. Countries address food security through general economic policies and through more specific food assistance programs. This article deals with general economic policies including anti-poverty programs and interventions to support the low-wage labor market and concludes that developed countries associate food security with symptoms of material deprivation and social exclusion for which the primary response is the income-based social safety net more broadly.