Introduction/objectives: The combination of biologic agents and synthetic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs has proven to be effective for the treatment of patients with active Rheumatoid Arthritis; notwithstanding monotherapy was only exceptionally considered. However, with the advent of biologic agents with other modes of action and evidence contributed by tocilizumab studies, this option begun to be considered. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of monotherapy with biologic agents in patients with RA and factors associated with the use of this type of treatment, in the context of everyday practice. Method: An observational, analytical, cross-sectional study was carried out, including patients over 18 years old who were diagnosed with RA, according to ACR/EULAR 2010 classification criteria, and who were treated with biologics. Demographic, clinical and treatment variables were evaluated. Results: From a total 450 patients with RA, 171 treated with biologic agents were evaluated. 31.6% received biologic monotherapy, most frequently due to MTX adverse effects. The most commonly used anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor as monotherapy was adalimumab. Monotherapy with biologic agents was seen to be associated with the use of drugs with other mechanisms than TNF blockers, most frequently tocilizumab. Bivariate and multivariate analyses have shown that monotherapy is an independent factor for no NSAID use. Corticosteroid use was lower in patients receiving monotherapy, although it did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion: The biologic monotherapy frequency was 31.6%. The associated factors were use modes of action other than anti-TNF and a decreased use of NSAIDs.