Dipteronia (order Sapindales) is an endangered genus endemic to China and has two living species, D. sinensis and D. dyeriana. The plants are closely related to the genus Acer, which is also classified in the order Sapindales. Evolutionary studies on Dipteronia have been hindered by the paucity of information on their genomes and plastids. Here, we used next generation sequencing to characterize the transcriptomes and complete chloroplast genomes of both Dipteronia species. A comparison of the transcriptomes of both species identified a total of 7,814 orthologs. Estimation of selection pressures using Ka/Ks ratios showed that only 30 of 5,435 orthologous pairs had a ratio significantly greater than 1, i.e., showing positive selection. However, 4,041 orthologs had a Ka/Ks