With the development of modern medical technology, the clinical range of biomaterial applications have gradually expanded. However, bioactivity on the surface of biomaterials may be reduced and induce thrombus formation that will not only cause serious dysfunction of the biological materials, but can also affect the host. Modification of these biological materials can thus help to retain the biological activity on the surface of the material and inhibit thrombus formation, which underlines the importance of their clinical application. The current review will address the modification of biomaterials and inhibition of thrombosis on the surface of biomaterials.