We studied the recombination dynamics of biexcitons in elongated CdSe nanocrystals (nanorods) using time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) and transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy. The decay times of the PL and TA signals decrease with increasing nanorod length. Under weak excitation, the PL decay is faster than the TA decay, and the nonradiative hole trapping determines the PL decay in several hundreds of picoseconds. Under intense excitation, the PL decay curves are similar to the TA decay curves, and the rapid biexciton decay is caused by nonradiative Auger recombination. A clear correlation is observed between the Auger recombination coefficient of the biexcitons and the average PL lifetime of the single excitons.Moreover, theAuger recombination lifetimes of the biexcitons are shorter in nanorods than in spherical nanocrystals of the same volume. Our study clarified that the Auger recombination rate is strongly affected by a high surface-state density.