The present study analyses ostracods from sedimentary samples collected in the São Pedro-São Paulo Archipelago, a small set of remote rock islands located Northeastern to the Brazilian coast. Thirteen species were identified, and their zoogeographical distribution was studied. An emendation for Keijcyoidea praecipua (Bold, 1963) is proposed in this paper. The distribution of the species which occur in the archipelago varies significantly: Triebelina sertata Triebel, 1948, is a cosmopolitan species; Loxoconcha (Loxocorniculum) tricornata is assumed to occur from the Caribbean Sea to the tropical portion of the Brazilian coast and Western Africa. Keijcyoidea praecipua is recorded through the Pacific and Atlantic coasts of Central America and Northeastern Brazil. Xestoleberis toni? Wouters, 2003 and Triebelina cf. intermedia Witte, 1993 are known from the African coast. Neonesidea tenera? (Brady, 1886) emend. Maddocks, 1969 is found along the Indian and Pacific oceans. The species Pontocypris (Ekpontocypris) pirifera? (Müller, 1894) is also present in the western European coast and the Mediterranean Sea. Six species are probably new and have not been observed elsewhere: Aurila sp. 1, Paradoxostoma sp. 1, Paradoxostoma sp. 2, Xestoleberis sp. 1, Xestoleberis sp. 2 and Xestoleberis? sp. 3.