Energy efficiency retrofit of residential buildings, widely carried out in north China, has been aroused a great concern during recent years. In this case, one typical residential building with energy efficiency retrofit was selected in Tangshan as a case study. Indoor thermal environment and space heating use of the building were measured before and after the retrofit. A methodology is developed to evaluate the energy-saving, environmental and economic benefits for the retrofit. Results show the full-scale retrofit in this building can meet the 50% energy saving target set by the government. Indoor thermal environment achieved a good improvement after the full-scale retrofit as well. The results could be a reference of evaluation and optimization of energy efficiency retrofit schemes of residential buildings in north China.