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This work presents fabrication of purely ceramic submicron fibers by rotary jet-spinning – a recently developed method. An inertial force is used to form fibrous jets made of viscous dispersions, which then solidify during solvent evaporation. Precursor suspensions were prepared with the use of water as the only solvent, non-toxic Fe2O3 ceramic powder and poly(ethylene oxide) – a fiber-forming agent. The obtained fibers were in the range of 0.2–1.4 µm in diameter. This work presents a concept that utilizes ceramic fibers that could potentially be used for arsenic removal based on adsorption-enhanced filtration. We prove that ceramic fibers can be formed by simply adding non-agglomerated particles to a polymer solution. The nonwoven fiber-based approach will allow higher flow rates of the filtrate during purification and enable heat treatment for cleaning the filters. However, by changing the type of particles and/or preparing a mixture of them, the application range of the final product can be significantly broadened.