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Oxford University Press (OUP), The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 11(99), p. 4273-4280

DOI: 10.1210/jc.2014-1724

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Ethnic Differences in Insulin Sensitivity, β-Cell Function, and Hepatic Extraction Between Japanese and Caucasians: A Minimal Model Analysis

This paper is made freely available by the publisher.
This paper is made freely available by the publisher.

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Abstract

Context: Ethnic differences have previously been reported for type 2 diabetes. Objective: We aimed at assessing the potential differences between Caucasian and Japanese subjects ranging from normal glucose tolerance (NGT) to impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and to type 2 diabetes. Design: This was a cross-sectional study with oral glucose tolerance tests to assess beta cell function, hepatic insulin extraction and insulin sensitivity. Participants: 120 Japanese and 150 Caucasian subjects. Main Outcomes: Measures of beta-cell function, hepatic extraction and insulin sensitivity were assessed using C-peptide, glucose, and insulin minimal models. Results: Basal beta-cell function (Φb) was lower in Japanese compared to Caucasians (P<0.01). In subjects with IGT, estimates of the dynamic (Φd) and static (Φs) beta-cell responsiveness were significantly lower in the Japanese compared to Caucasians (P<0.05). In contrast, values of insulin action (SI) showed higher sensitivity in the Japanese IGT subjects. Hepatic extraction was similar in NGT and IGT groups, but higher in Japanese type 2 diabetes subjects (P<0.01). Despite differences in insulin sensitivity, beta-cell function, and hepatic extraction, the disposition indices (DId, DIs) were similar between the two ethnic groups at all glucose tolerance states. Furthermore, the overall insulin sensitivity and beta-cell responsiveness for all glucose tolerance states were similar in Japanese and Caucasians after accounting for differences in BMI. Conclusion: Our study provides evidence for a similar ability of Japanese and Caucasians to compensate for increased insulin resistance.