Background: To date, mental health professionals’ attitudes toward posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), compared to other psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia or depression, have rarely been studied.Objective: We assessed mental health professionals’ attitudes toward patients with PTSD compared to patients suffering from depression.Method: Case vignettes of a patient with either PTSD or depression were presented to two samples of mental health professionals: attendees of a conference on posttraumatic stress (N=226) or of a lecture for psychiatry residents (N=112). Participants subsequently completed a questionnaire that assessed their attitude reactions to the presented case.Results: Participants showed similarly positive attitudes toward depression and PTSD. PTSD elicited a more favorable attitude with regard to prosocial reactions, estimated dependency, attributed responsibility, and interest in the case, particularly in mental health professionals specializing in psychotraumatology. Across diagnoses, higher age and longer professional experience were associated with more positive attitudes toward patients.Conclusions: Mental health professionals’ positive attitudes toward patients with depression and PTSD correlate with their specific knowledge about the disorder, their level of professional training, and their years of professional experience.Limitations: The instruments used, although based on established theoretical concepts in attitude research, were not validated in their present versions.Keywords: Expert attitudes; mental illness; stigma; PTSD; depression(Published: 26 October 2015)Responsible Editor: Ulrike Schmidt, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Germany.For the abstract or full text in other languages, please see Supplementary files in the column to the right (under ‘Article Tools’)Citation: European Journal of Psychotraumatology 2015, 6: 28693 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/ejpt.v6.28693