Two new species in the genus Trapelia, namely, T. calvariana Kantvilas & Lumbsch from the Tasmanian highlands and T. thieleana Kantvilas & Lumbsch from south-western Western Australia, are described. Examination of ascus types and analyses of DNA-sequence data confirmed the inclusion of these taxa in Trapelia sensu lato, but raised questions concerning the homogeneity of the genus as currently circumscribed and, in particular, the generic classification of T. lilacea Kantvilas & Elix.