Published in
Nature Research, Nature Communications, 1(4), 2013
DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3476
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Two-colour pump–probe experiments with a twin-pulse-seed extreme ultraviolet free-electron laser
,
F. Bencivenga,
R. Borghes,
F. Capotondi ,
D. Castronovo,
P. Charalambous,
P. Cinquegrana,
M. B. Danailov ,
G. De Ninno,
A. Demidovich ,
S. Di Mitri,
B. Diviacco,
D. Fausti,
W. M. Fawley,
E. Ferrari
and other authors.
Full text: Download
Abstract
Exploring the dynamics of matter driven to extreme non-equilibrium states by an intense ultrashort X-ray pulse is becoming reality, thanks to the advent of free-electron laser technology that allows development of different schemes for probing the response at variable time delay with a second pulse. Here we report the generation of two-colour extreme ultraviolet pulses of controlled wavelengths, intensity and timing by seeding of high-gain harmonic generation free-electron laser with multiple independent laser pulses. The potential of this new scheme is demonstrated by the time evolution of a titanium-grating diffraction pattern, tuning the two coherent pulses to the titanium M-resonance and varying their intensities. This reveals that an intense pulse induces abrupt pattern changes on a time scale shorter than hydrodynamic expansion and ablation. This result exemplifies the essential capabilities of the jitter-free multiple-colour free-electron laser pulse sequences to study evolving states of matter with element sensitivity.