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Springer (part of Springer Nature), Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 7(36), p. 1853-1865

DOI: 10.1007/s11738-014-1560-6

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The transition of proembryogenic masses to somatic embryos in Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze is related to the endogenous contents of IAA, ABA and polyamines. Acta Physiol Plant

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This paper is available in a repository.

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Abstract

In somatic embryogenesis (SE) of conifers, the inability of many embryogenic cell lines to form well-developed somatic embryos may results from failure and constraints during the transition of proembryogenic masses (PEMs) to early somatic embryos. In the present work, we propose the inclusion of a preculture and prematuration steps looking at enhancing PEM III-to-early somatic embryos transition. It was further hypothesized that these results would correlate with the contents of endogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA) and polyamines (PA). To test these hypotheses, the embryo-genic culture was subjected to preculture with fluridone (FLD) and prematuration treatments with different combinations of carbon source and polyethylene glycol (PEG). The frequency of PEM III was increased after FLD pre-culture and the contents of IAA and ABA decreased, while the contents of PA increased. Putrescine (Put) was the most abundant PA present at this stage, followed by spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm). In early embryogenesis, prematuration treatments supplemented with maltose or lactose plus PEG enhanced the PEM III-to-early somatic embryos transition. IAA and ABA contents increased at this stage, while a decrease of the total free PA levels was observed. Put was the most abundant PA, followed by Spd and Spm, mainly in the treatment supplemented with PEG. This resulted in a decrease of PA ratio (Put/Spd ? Spm) and, hence, PEM III-to-early somatic embryos transition. It was concluded that the preculture with FLD and prema-turation treatments promote the PEM III-to-early somatic embryos transition throughout the whole early developmental process in Araucaria angustifolia.