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análise simplificada do risco químico e do impacto ambiental potencial de uma actividade industrial

This paper is available in a repository.
This paper is available in a repository.

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Abstract

análise simplificada do risco químico e do impacto ambiental potencial de uma actividade industrial Abstract The questions connected with health and safety in the work environment, due to the use of dangerous chemical compounds, became more and more relevant in the last years for social, economic and environmental reasons. Consequently, the analysis of the effects in human health and the environment of existing and future processes is of fundamental importance. In this article a simple methodology is presented to assess the chemical risk and the potential environmental impact associated with an industrial activity. This methodology uses easily available information about the process and the chemical compounds used. To illustrate and demonstrate the applicability of this methodology, the process of extractive distillation of the mixture acetone-chloroform is considered as a case study, in which alternative solvents are valued (benzene and metil-n-pentil-éter). The data and information about this process were obtained with process simulators. Results of this study show the importance of this methodology, supporting decisions concerning the safety and health of collaborators and allowing the definition of priorities to minimize the chemical risk and the potential environmental impact associated with any industrial activity. INTRODUÇÃO Inúmeros compostos químicos perigosos são utilizados no nosso dia-a-dia como meio de produção de outros produtos químicos e de consumo, ou incluídos em vários artigos de uso específico ou corrente, como por exemplo, tintas, vernizes, diluentes, desinfectantes, plásticos, metais, vidro, etc. Estes podem ser responsáveis por graves danos na saúde humana, tais como intoxicações, asfixia ou queimaduras. Impõe-se então o estudo dos seus efeitos na saúde humana e no ambiente, inerentes à sua utilização, com o objectivo de os minimizar e se possível eliminar. Em qualquer actividade industrial onde se utilizem compostos químicos ou onde os colaboradores possam estar expostos a estes podem existir riscos para a saúde e ambiente.