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Royal Society of Chemistry, RSC Advances, 44(4), p. 23327-23337, 2014

DOI: 10.1039/c4ra03226h

Wiley-VCH Verlag, ChemInform, 3(46), p. no-no, 2014

DOI: 10.1002/chin.201503042

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Facile, high-yielding preparation of pyrrolidinium, piperidinium, morpholinium and 2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindolinium salts and ionic liquids from secondary amines

Journal article published in 2014 by Antony J. Ward, Anthony F. Masters, Thomas Maschmeyer ORCID
This paper is made freely available by the publisher.
This paper is made freely available by the publisher.

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Abstract

High yield and purity heterocyclic ionic liquids can be obtained via the microwave irradiation of equimolar amounts of a secondary amine and of an a,w-dibromoalkane (i.e., 1,4-dibromobutane, 1,5-dibromopentane, bis(2-bromoethyl)ether, or a,a'-dibromo-o-xylene) in water, in the presence of potassium carbonate, followed by anion exchange with lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, affording pyrrolidinum, piperidinium and morpholinium ionic liquids, respectively. Using this methodology, a large number of homologous ionic liquids can be prepared from a small number of readily available and relatively cheap starting materials, including a new class of ionic liquids based on the 2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindolinium ring system. Analysis (using SWOT and the GSK “greenness” assessments) of this synthetic method and comparison with current literature preparations reveals that this new method delivers significant benefits across a range of relevant parameters.