Human leukocyte antigens (HLA) play a key role in antigen presentation. HLA genes, especially HLA-A, -B, and -DRB1, which are highly polymorphic, have been thought to be candidate loci for the etiology of sarcoidosis. This study aimed to assess the association between the polymorphism of HLA-A, -B, and -DRB1 alleles and sarcoidosis in Chinese Han subjects. Genomic DNA was extracted from 131 patients with sarcoidosis and 122 healthy controls. The polymorphisms of the HLA-A, -B, and -DRB1 alleles were determined using a polymerase chain reaction sequence-specific primer method. The frequency of allele HLA-DRB1*11 in sarcoidosis patients was significantly higher than that in controls (24.43% vs 4.92%, p/p(c) = 0.0001/0.002), whereas the frequencies of allele HLA-B*13 and HLA-DRB1*07 were markedly lower in sarcoidosis patients than in controls (12.21% vs 27.87%, p/p(c) = 0.002/0.045; 7.63% vs 22.95%, p/p(c) =0.001/0.009). HLA-B*51 was overrepresented in patients with erythema nodosum and Löfgren's syndrome (p < 0.001 [p(c) = 0.015], p < 0.0001 [p(c) < 0.001], respectively). These results support the hypothesis that HLA-A, -B, and -DRB1 polymorphisms may play a role in susceptibility and manifestation of sarcoidosis.