Congenital afibrinogenemia, the most severe form of fibrinogen deficiency, is characterized by the complete absence of fibrinogen. The disease is caused by mutations in 1 of the 3 fibrinogen genes FGG, FGA, and FGB, clustered on the long arm of human chromosome 4. The majority of cases are due to null mutations in the FGA gene although one would expect the 3 genes to be equally implicated. However, most patients studied so far are white, and therefore the identification of causative mutations in non-European families is necessary to establish if this finding holds true in all ethnic groups. In this study, we report the identification of a novel nonsense mutation (Arg134Xaa) in the FGG gene responsible for congenital afibrinogenemia in 10 patients from Lebanon. Expression studies in COS-7 cells demonstrated that the Arg134Xaa codon, which is encoded by adjacent exons (TG-intron 4-A) affected neither mRNA splicing nor stability, but led to the production of an unstable, severely truncated fibrinogen gamma chain that is not incorporated into a functional fibrinogen hexamer.