Pakistan and the Philippines are two leading source countries for international migration. Currently about 3.75 million Pakistanis and 7.0 million Filipinos are estimated to be living or working overseas. Both the countries have nearly 3½ decades of experience of managing migration through sets of policies and programs aimed at promoting overseas employment opportunities for their citizens, maximizing the benefits of migration for migrants, protecting migrants against exploitation and hazards and improving the welfare of migrants and their families. Policies have also been introduced for maximizing the inflow of cash remittances through formal institutional channels. The relevance and adequacy of the policy measures is examined from the perspectives of making migration more "affordable" to include more social groups, and productive use of capital and human assets resulting from migration for improved and sustainable livelihoods of migrants and their families. The paper highlights policy strengths and gaps based on available empirical evidence from the two countries and makes recommendations for policy improvements and further research. DISCLAIMER: This is a draft working paper produced for the World Bank conference, 'New Frontiers of Social Policy: Development in a Globalizing World'. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the International Bank for Reconstruction/The World Bank Group and its affiliated organizations, or its Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. If you wish to cite from this document please request the latest version from the author(s) or from socialpolicy@worldbank.org.