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Frontiers Media, Frontiers in Psychology, (4)

DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00309

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Subthreshold Depressive Symptoms have a Negative Impact on Cognitive Functioning in Middle-Aged and Older Males

Journal article published in 2013 by Erlend J. Brevik, Rune A. Eikeland, Astri J. Lundervold
This paper is made freely available by the publisher.
This paper is made freely available by the publisher.

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Abstract

Introduction: Cognitive aging is associated with a decline on measures of fluid intelligence (gF), whereas crystallized intelligence (gC) tends to remain stable. In the present study we asked if depressive symptoms might contribute to explain the decline on gF in a sample of healthy middle-aged and older adults. Method: The Norwegian sample included 83 females and 42 males (M = 60, SD = 7.9 years). gF was calculated from factor-analysis, including tests of matrix reasoning (WASI), memory function (CVLT-II), processing speed and executive function (CDT; CWIT). gC was derived from a Vocabulary subtest (WASI). Depressive symptoms were assessed by self-reports on Beck’s Depression Index (BDI) and ranged from 0 to 21 (M = 6, SD = 4.5). Results: Increased age was correlated with a decline on gF (r = −0.436, p