Objectives: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the level of knowledge of diabetes among the Thai general population, identify areas of deficiency for targeted health education effort, and identify respondent characteristics that may be associated with knowledge of diabetes. Methods: A survey involving 1000 respondents (age ≥ 15 years) was conducted in the central region of Thailand. A 42-item pre-tested questionnaire to assess general and specific knowledge of diabetes (e.g., risk factors, symptoms, treatment, etc.) was administered. Scores of