This paper presents an experimental study to characterize the mechanical behaviour of bituminous mixtures containing high rates of RAP. Two semi-dense mixtures of 12 and 20 mm maximum aggregate size and containing 40 and 60% RAP, respectively (S-12 and S-20, in accordance with Spanish specifications), which were used for rehabilitation of a Spanish highway section, were evaluated. First, the effect of RAP variability on the recycled mixtures was analyzed. Their mechanical properties were then studied by determining the stiffness modulus and indirect tensile strength and applying a new direct tensile test, i.e. Fénix test, and the three-point bending beam test. Results show that high rates of recycled material can generally be incorporated into bituminous mixes by proper characterization and handling of RAP stockpiles. ; Peer Reviewed ; Postprint (published version)