Over the last 20 years, scientific literature and interest on chest/lung ultrasound (LUS) have exponentially increased. Interpreting mixed—anatomical and artifactual—pictures determined the need of a proposal of a new nomenclature of artifacts and signs to simplify learning, spread, and implementation of this technique. The aim of this review is to collect and analyze different signs and artifacts reported in the history of chest ultrasound regarding normal lung, pleural pathologies, and lung consolidations. By reviewing the possible physical and anatomical interpretation of these artifacts and signs reported in the literature, this work aims to present the AdET (Accademia di Ecografia Toracica) proposal of nomenclature and to bring order between published studies.