AbstractManganese ferrite (MnFe₂O₄) nanoparticles were synthesized via a hydrothermal method and combined with exfoliated MoS₂ nanosheets, and the nanocomposite was studied as a supercapacitor. X-ray diffractometry and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the crystalline structures and structural characteristics of the nanocomposite. Transmission electron microscopy images showed the uniform size distribution of MnFe₂O₄ nanoparticles (~ 13 nm) on few-layer MoS₂ nanosheets. UV–visible absorption photospectrometry indicated a decrease in the bandgap of MnFe₂O₄ by MoS₂, resulting in a higher conductivity that is suitable for capacitance. Electrochemical tests showed that the incorporation of MoS₂ nanosheets largely increased the specific capacitance of MnFe₂O₄ from 600 to 2093 F/g (with the corresponding energy density and power density of 46.51 Wh/kg and 213.64 W/kg, respectively) at 1 A/g, and led to better charge–discharge cycling stability. We also demonstrated a real-world application of the MnFe₂O₄/MoS₂ nanocomposite in a two-cell asymmetric supercapacitor setup. A density functional theory study was also performed on the MnFe₂O₄/MoS₂ interface to analyze how a MoS₂ monolayer can enhance the electronic properties of MnFe₂O₄ towards a higher specific capacitance.