We report on new findings of nearly 50 species that represent four families of the superfamily Scarabaeoidea, which were collected during an expedition to western Tajikistan that was carried out in June and July 2014.Rhyssemodes transcaspicusRakovič, 1982 is recorded from the country for the first time. Moreover, we describe and illustrate the differences in the external morphology betweenEuonthophagus gibbosus(Scriba, 1790) andE. koshantschikoffi(Reitter, 1891), the latter of which has a doubtful systematic position. In the collected material of approximately 1,000 specimens, more than 90% of the species and 95% of the individuals belong to the family Scarabaeidae. The other species represent the families Geotrupidae, Glaphyridae, and Hybosoridae.