AbstractPediatric myelodysplastic syndrome (PMDS) is a very rare and still poorly characterized disorder. In this work, we identified novel potential targets of PMDS by determining genes with aberrant expression, which can be correlated with PMDS pathogenesis. We identified 291 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in PMDS patients, comprising genes involved in the regulation of apoptosis and the cell cycle, ribosome biogenesis, inflammation and adaptive immunity. Ten selected DEGs were then validated, confirming the sequencing data. These DEGs will potentially represent new molecular biomarkers and therapeutic targets for PMDS.