A list of seventeen rare and little known species of Crambidae and Pyralidae from Ukraine is given. Hyperlais claralis (Caradja, 1916) stat. rev., comb. nov. is recorded for the first time for Europe. Five species are found in Ukraine for the first time: H. claralis, Titanio ledereri (Staudinger, 1870), Lambaesia pistrinariella (Ragonot, 1887), Gymnancyla gilvella (Ragonot, 1887) and Sciota lucipetella (Jalava, 1978). Two neglected European species—Lambaesia pistrinariella and Ancylosis monella (Roesler, 1973), are confirmed to occur in Europe. The lectotype of L. pistrinariella is designated and the species is recorded for the first time from Russia. The hitherto unknown females of H. claralis and L. pistrinariella are described. The differences between H. claralis and other related Hyperlais-species are briefly discussed. The adults and the genitalia of H. claralis, H. dulcinalis (Treitschke, 1835), Udea institalis (Hübner, 1819), A. monella, L. pistrinariella, Bradyrrhoa confiniella (Zeller, 1848), B. imperialella (Ragonot, 1887) and G. gilvella are illustrated. The biology of Loxostege clathralis (Hübner, 1813), Epischidia fulvostrigella (Eversmann, 1844), B. imperialella and Pempeliella bulgarica Slamka & Plant, 2016 is described based on observation by the third author in Crimea. Salicornia perenanns Willd. is recorded as a new host plant for G. gilvella and Halocnemum strobilaceum (Pall.) M. Bieb.—as a new host plant for E. fulvostrigella. Epischidia caesariella (Hampson in Ragonot & Hampson, 1901) and Pempeliella sororiella (Zeller, 1839) are removed from the list of Pyralidae of Ukraine due to misidentification.