Objectives. This study was conducted evaluate the efficacy of electromyography (EMG) using transcartilaginous (TC) electrodes through the thyroid cartilage and perichondrium.Methods. We prospectively collected EMG data from intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) of 54 nerves at risk in 38 patients during thyroidectomy. We followed standardized IONM procedures in all operations. EMG signals from both endotracheal tube (ET) electrodes and TC needle electrodes were recorded simultaneously. We compared the characteristics of the EMG signals and the efficacy of both methods.Results. Significantly higher mean EMG amplitudes were recorded by TC electrodes than by ET electrodes in all four-step procedures (V1-R1-R2-V2, <i>P</i><0.001). Loss of signal (LOS) occurred in five patients in ET electrodes, but in only two patients in TC electrodes. Postoperative laryngoscopy revealed recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy in the two patients who showed LOS from both the ET and TC electrodes, and vocal cord movement was intact in the other three patients. Therefore, the positive predictive values of LOS in ET and TC electrodes were 40% and 100%, respectively.Conclusion. EMG recording using TC needle electrodes is feasible and effective, making it a good alternative technique for IONM.