The 'Modern Matron' is one of the prominent nursing roles to emerge from the NHS Plan. The underpinning principle is to have a professional leader who is accountable for co-ordinating safe, high-quality care to improve patients' NHS experience. This paper discusses findings from a study of the implementation of the Modern Matron role in an acute NHS Trust in the East of England. The theoretical framework of 'limiting harm' was used to assess the extent to which the Modern Matron could contribute towards safe effective care and the reduction of harm. The study found that error-prone situations were clearly identified and that the Matrons were perceived to have a positive impact on a range of clinical issues. The evidence from this small study suggests that the Modern Matron role has the potential to make a positive contribution to patient safety.