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National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Environmental Health Perspectives, 5(122), p. 431-438, 2014

DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1307110

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Non-Renal Effects and the Risk Assessment of Environmental Cadmium Exposure

Journal article published in 2014 by Agneta Akesson, Agneta Åkesson, Lars Barregard, Ingvar A. Bergdahl ORCID, Gunnar F. Nordberg, Monica Nordberg, Staffan Skerfving
This paper is made freely available by the publisher.
This paper is made freely available by the publisher.

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Abstract

Background: Exposure to cadmium (Cd) has long been recognized as a health hazard, both in industry and in general populations with high exposure. Under the currently prevailing health risk assessment, the relationship between urinary Cd (U-Cd) concentrations and tubular proteinuria is used. However, doubts have recently been raised regarding the justification of basing the risk assessment on this relationship at very low exposure.